This fourth edition of the Oslo Manual takes account of major trends such as, the pervasive role of global value chains; the emergence of new information technologies and how they influence new business models; the growing importance of knowledge-based capital; as well as the progress made in understanding innovation processes and their economic impact. Its guidance seeks to contribute to measuring the process of digital transformation and thus supports the goals of the OECD’s Going Digital initiative.

The Conference focused on the recent and future priorities for clusters highlighting ideas and proposals for the recovery plans, bridging the clusters’ perspective with the Europe’s priorities, and building connections between Europe’s value chains, clusters and ecosystems.